A cartoon is a type of visual art that is typically drawn, frequtly animated, in an unrealistic or semi-realistic style. The specific meaning has evolved, but the modern usage usually refers to either: an image or series of images intded for satire, caricature, or humor; or a motion picture that relies on a sequce of illustrations for its animation. Someone who creates cartoons in the first sse is called a cartoonist,
The concept originated in the Middle Ages, and first described a preparatory drawing for a piece of art, such as a painting, fresco, tapestry, or stained glass window. In the 19th ctury, beginning in Punch magazine in 1843, cartoon came to refer – ironically at first – to humorous artworks in magazines and newspapers. Th it also was used for political cartoons and comic strips. Wh the medium developed, in the early 20th ctury, it began to refer to animated films which resembled print cartoons.
A cartoon (from Italian: cartone and Dutch: karton—words describing strong, heavy paper or pasteboard) is a full-size drawing made on sturdy paper as a design or modello for a painting, stained glass, or tapestry. Cartoons were typically used in the production of frescoes, to accurately link the compont parts of the composition wh painted on damp plaster over a series of days (giornate).
Q: What's The Difference Between A Cartoon & A Caricature?
In media such as stained tapestry or stained glass, the cartoon was handed over by the artist to the skilled craftsm who produced the final work.
Such cartoons oft have pinpricks along the outlines of the design so that a bag of soot patted or "pounced" over a cartoon, held against the wall, would leave black dots on the plaster ("pouncing"). Cartoons by painters, such as the Raphael Cartoons in London, and examples by Leonardo da Vinci, are highly prized in their own right. Tapestry cartoons, usually colored, were followed with the eye by the weavers on the loom.
John Leech, Substance and Shadow (1843), published as Cartoon, No. 1 in Punch, the first use of the word cartoon to refer to a satirical drawing
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In print media, a cartoon is an drawing or series of drawings, usually humorous in intt. This usage dates from 1843, wh Punch magazine applied the term to satirical drawings in its pages,
Modern single-panel gag cartoons, found in magazines, gerally consist of a single drawing with a typeset caption positioned beath, or, less oft, a speech balloon.
Newspaper syndicates have also distributed single-panel gag cartoons by Mel Calman, Bill Holman, Gary Larson, George Lichty, Fred Neher and others. Many consider New Yorker cartoonist Peter Arno the father of the modern gag cartoon (as did Arno himself).
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Bill Hoest, Jerry Marcus, and Virgil Partch began as magazine gag cartoonists and moved to syndicated comic strips. Richard Thompson illustrated numerous feature articles in The Washington Post before creating his Cul de Sac comic strip. The sports section of newspapers usually featured cartoons, sometimes including syndicated features such as Chester "Chet" Brown's All in Sport.
Editorial cartoons are found almost exclusively in news publications and news websites. Although they also employ humor, they are more serious in tone, commonly using irony or satire. The art usually acts as a visual metaphor to illustrate a point of view on currt social or political topics. Editorial cartoons oft include speech balloons and sometimes use multiple panels. Editorial cartoonists of note include Herblock, David Low, Jeff MacNelly, Mike Peters, and Gerald Scarfe.
Comic strips, also known as cartoon strips in the United Kingdom, are found daily in newspapers worldwide, and are usually a short series of cartoon illustrations in sequce. In the United States, they are not commonly called "cartoons" themselves, but rather "comics" or "funnies". Nonetheless, the creators of comic strips—as well as comic books and graphic novels—are usually referred to as "cartoonists". Although humor is the most prevalt subject matter, advture and drama are also represted in this medium. Some noteworthy cartoonists of humorous comic strips are Scott Adams, Charles Schulz, E. C. Segar, Mort Walker and Bill Watterson.
The Importance Of Political Cartoons
Political cartoons are like illustrated editorials that serve visual commtaries on political evts. They offer subtle criticism which are cleverly quoted with humour and satire to the extt that the criticized does not get embittered.
The medium began to develop in the latter part of the 18th ctury under the direction of its great exponts, James Gillray and Thomas Rowlandson, both from London. Gillray explored the use of the medium for lampooning and caricature, and has be referred to as the father of the political cartoon.
By calling the king, prime ministers and gerals to account for their behaviour, many of Gillray's satires were directed against George III, depicting him as a prettious buffoon, while the bulk of his work was dedicated to ridiculing the ambitions of revolutionary France and Napoleon.
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George Cruikshank became the leading cartoonist in the period following Gillray, from 1815 until the 1840s. His career was rowned for his social caricatures of glish life for popular publications.
By the mid 19th ctury, major political newspapers in many other countries featured cartoons commting on the politics of the day. Thomas Nast, in New York City, showed how realistic German drawing techniques could redefine American cartooning.
His 160 cartoons reltlessly pursued the criminal characteristic of the Tweed machine in New York City, and helped bring it down. Indeed, Tweed was arrested in Spain wh police idtified him from Nast's cartoons.
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In France under the July Monarchy, Honoré Daumier took up the new gre of political and social caricature, most famously lampooning the rotund King Louis Philippe.
Political cartoons can be humorous or satirical, sometimes with piercing effect. The target of the humor may complain, but can seldom fight back. Lawsuits have be very rare; the first successful lawsuit against a cartoonist in over a ctury in Britain came in 1921, wh J. H. Thomas, the leader of the National Union of Railwaym (NUR), initiated libel proceedings against the magazine of the British Communist Party. Thomas claimed defamation in the form of cartoons and words depicting the evts of "Black Friday", wh he allegedly betrayed the locked-out Miners' Federation. To Thomas, the framing of his image by the far left threated to grievously degrade his character in the popular imagination. Soviet-inspired communism was a new elemt in European politics, and cartoonists unrestrained by tradition tested the boundaries of libel law. Thomas won the lawsuit and restored his reputation.
Cartoons such as xkcd have also found their place in the world of scice, mathematics, and technology. For example, the cartoon Wonderlab looked at daily life in the chemistry lab. In the U.S., one well-known cartoonist for these fields is Sidney Harris. Many of Gary Larson's cartoons have a scitific flavor.
How To Interpret The Meaning Of Political Cartoons
In Britain in the 1930s advture magazines became quite popular, especially those published by DC Thomson; the publisher st observers around the country to talk to boys and learn what they wanted to read about. The story line in magazines, comic books and cinema that most appealed to boys was the glamorous heroism of British soldiers fighting wars that were exciting and just.
DC Thomson issued the first The Dandy Comic in December 1937. It had a revolutionary design that broke away from the usual childr's comics that were published broadsheet in size and not very colourful. Thomson capitalized on its success with a similar product The Beano in 1938.
On some occasions, new gag cartoons have be created for book publication, as was the case with Think Small, a 1967 promotional book distributed as a giveaway by Volkswag dealers. Bill Hoest and other cartoonists of that decade drew cartoons showing Volkswags, and these were published along with humorous automotive essays by such humorists as H. All Smith, Roger Price and Jean Shepherd. The book's design juxtaposed each cartoon alongside a photograph of the cartoon's creator.
Art With A Purpose: The Cartoon
Because of the stylistic similarities betwe comic strips and early animated films, cartoon came to refer to animation, and the word cartoon is currtly used in referce to both animated cartoons and gag cartoons.
While animation designates any style of illustrated images se in rapid succession to give the impression of movemt, the word "cartoon" is most oft used as a descriptor for television programs and short films aimed at childr, possibly featuring anthropomorphized animals,
In the 1980s, cartoon was shorted to toon, referring to characters in animated productions. This term was popularized in 1988 by the combined live-action/animated film Who Framed Roger Rabbit, followed in 1990 by the animated TV series Tiny Toon Advtures.A New Philosophy of Cartooning: I entered the business of cartooning in March of 1997 having no idea what was to come. Before I embarked upon this “mysterious venture”, I decided it would be to my advantage to consult with top cartoonists around the country. I was surprised how many of them were “open and available” to speak with me were. Fortunately, I was both too young and naive to know NOT to bother “the masters”. So when Charles Schulz picked up his phone, I started asking the five journalistic W’s (Who, what, when, why, and where). His (and others) advice turned out
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